EVENTS

Republican-led House Poised to Ramp Up Scrutiny on China

The capitol dome at sunrise. Image credit: US government image / CC0 1.0

Although by a much slimmer margin than many pollsters predicted, the Republican party regained control of the US House of Representatives in the midterm elections that took place on November 8, 2022. The consequences for President Joe Biden’s legislative agenda in the last two years of his first term in office will be big. Equally big will be the implications for US-China relations, which will almost certainly worsen during the 118th Congress that ends in January 2025.

As a result of the election results, Nancy Pelosi (D-Ca) will no longer hold the position of Speaker of the House. On November 17, Ms. Pelosi announced she would stay on as member of the Democratic caucus but would not seek a leadership position. Pelosi, shocked by the hammer attack on her husband at their home in San Francisco, has been a burr in the saddle of the Chinese government since she became a member of Congress in 1988. Beijing will doubtless celebrate her departure from leadership positions.

Other California House representatives, Adam Schiff and Eric Swalwell could well be removed from their coveted committee positions. Swalwell is alleged to have had a romantic relationship with a young woman accused of being a Chinese spy. Another Democrat Congressman, Don Beyer (D-Va) has faced scrutiny over his scheduler’s ties with Chinese embassy diplomats, but these ties had no impact on his reelection prospects. He won handily.

(Left to right) California Representatives Schiff, Swalwell, Beyer, and Steel. Image credit: House of Representatives / Public Domain

In another race where the issue of China played a role, Michelle Steel (R-Ca) won reelection, defeating Jay Chen (D-Ca). During the campaign, Ms. Steel attacked Mr. Chen for his support for “Communist” Confucius Institutes.

An exit poll of 100,000 voters conducted by Fox News found that voters disapproved of President Biden’s approach to China by a margin of 59 to 41 percent.

Select Committee on China

The Republican-led House is expected to establish a select committee that focuses exclusively on the “China Threat.” China is immensely unpopular with both Democrat and Republican lawmakers, making it possible that the composition of this committee will include lawmakers from both parties. (Republicans will move swiftly to disband and renounce the findings of the January 6 Select Committee, four of whose members will not be returning to the House when the 118th Congress convenes in January).

The bipartisan, bicameral Congressional Executive Commission on China CECC) will be led by a Republican member of the House, likely Chris Smith (R-NJ). Mr. Smith, a devout Catholic, will make religious liberty a top priority of the commission. A distinguished Democrat member of the CECC, Tom Malinowski (D-NJ), lost his bid for reelection on November 8. Mr. Malinowski served as Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Rights, and Labor during the Obama administration.

A CECC hearing from 2019 on the protests in Hong Kong. Image credit: C-Span

The Republican takeover will result in subpoenas, hearings, investigations, and new pieces of legislation with a China focus (there were more than 800 China-related bills introduced in the 117th Congress). According to Phelim Kine of Politico, China-related topics that Republicans will focus on include:

  • House Committee on Homeland Security: Cyber-attacks, supply chains (cutting dependence on China and enforcement of Uyghur Forced Labor Act), and fentanyl;
  • House Committee on Energy and Commerce: Supply chains, radical environmentalists, and Tik-Tok;
  • House Committee on Science. Space, and Technology: Competition with China in outer space;
  • House Select Committee on Intelligence: Cyber-attacks, malign influence, bioweapons, competition in space, nuclear weapons, and surveillance;
  • House Foreign Affairs Committee: Export controls, Taiwan defense, and Hunter Biden’s laptop.

Multiple committees will look into the origins of Covid-19 with the goal of tying origins of the pandemic to a Chinese lab leak.

Focus on Hunter Biden

The House Judiciary Committee under Jim Jordan (R-Ohio) and the House Oversight Committee under Jim Comer (R-Kentucky) will doubtless focus on Hunter Biden’s laptop, with a special emphasis on what the laptop contains about deals with China that could show President Biden’s knowledge of his son’s business dealings with China.

(Left to right) Representatives Jordan, Comer, and McCarthy. Image credit: House of Representatives / Public Domain

Another topic that Republicans under Kevin McCarthy will explore are ties between the business community and China. McCarthy is angry at the US Chamber of Commerce for their backing of Democrat candidates in 2020 and has threatened to cut off access to the chamber and other business associations unless changes are made to leadership and positions.


PUBLICATIONS ROUND UP

Featured: Prisoner Updates #7, November 1, 2022:

Part I: Husband-and-wife activists remain in legal limbo; Independent author & activist sentenced for picking quarrels; Notable sentence reductions

Part II: Beijing “Bridge Man” protest; Using economic crimes against house churches

 

See Also: Publication Review 2022

Images of the religious groups and CCP messaging referenced in Dui Hua’s report on unorthodox religious groups in China.

In 2022, Dui Hua released more than 30 publications including its Digest, Human Rights Journal, press statements, Prisoner Updates, and other research. Chief among these was Dui Hua’s landmark report The Persecution of Unorthodox Religious Groups in China, which was released last March. Below, Dui Hua recounts other select publications from this past year.

Press Statements

Printer of Falun Gong Material Released from Prison (March 23, 2022)

Dui Hua, China’s Supreme People’s Court Hold Joint Program on Child Welfare Laws (April 11, 2022)

Kamm Awarded Harvard GSAS Centennial Medal for “Contributions to Society” (May 25, 2022)

Will the Bell Toll for Shadeed Abdulmateen? (September 26, 2022)

 

Human Rights Journal

 

Decoding State Security Trials, Part I: ESS Cases in Tibet Rose Sharply in 2020 (January 25, 2022) & Part II, “Other” Trials & Other Provinces (February 15, 2022)

Crimes of endangering state security in China achieved international attention in 2021 with high-profile cases related to hostage diplomacy, even as available information about individual trials decreased. Read more here.

Views of China Remain at Record Low, More See China’s Military as “Critical” Threat (March 31, 2022)

In Gallup’s annual World Affairs poll, conducted from February 1-17, the American public’s opinion of China remains at a historic low. The poll found that 79 percent of respondents have an unfavorable view of China, with 41 percent answering “very unfavorable.” Read more here.

Crimes of Extremism, Part I: Observations on Use and Sentencing (May 12, 2022) & Part II: Harsh Sentences, Low Transparency in Xinjiang (May 18, 2022)

Extremism, officially defined in Chinese law as the “ideological basis of terrorism,” has long been integral to China’s security policy against the “three evil forces” (i.e terrorism, splittism, and religious extremism). However, it was not a precisely defined legal term until 2015. Read more here.

Punishing Namāz Prayer in Prison, Part I: “Sabotaging Prison Supervision” (October 4, 2022) & Part II: “Illegal Religious Activity” (October 11, 2022)

Muslims around the world are obliged to perform five daily prayers. The ritual is often called namazi (CN: 乃玛孜) in China. Within China’s carceral system, all forms of religious worship, including namāz, are forbidden. Prisoners who covertly perform namāz are at risk of receiving harsh punishment. Read more here.


JOHN KAMM REMEMBERS

John Kamm Remembers is a feature that explores Kamm’s human rights advocacy prior to and since Dui Hua’s establishment in 1999. Learn about Kamm’s first experiences in China in the 1970s with our timeline.

A Very Special Status

Kamm and Dui Hua director William Simon holding up their United Nations grounds passes in Geneva in 2005. Image credit: The Dui Hua Foundation

Three months after the 9/11 terror attacks, I resumed my travels. My first trip was to Washington DC, where I accepted the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award at the State Department on December 13, 2001. I was joined at the ceremony by two other awardees – Congressman Frank Wolf, a lion of human rights advocacy, and Barbara Elliott, a fierce advocate for refugees fleeing communism – and members of my family.

For the next two-and-a-half years. I kept to a grueling schedule of domestic and international travel. I made frequent trips to Washington DC, where I met with members of Congress and the Bush Administration, including Lorne Craner, Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, for whom Dui Hua crafted numerous prisoner lists for use at the annual human rights dialogues between the United States and China. (The dialogue has been suspended since 2016.) A highlight was my testimony to the Congressional Executive Commission on China (CECC), a body I lobbied to establish in the aftermath of President Clinton’s decision to extend China’s Most Favored Nation status without conditions. My testimony – An Arsenal of Human Rights – was delivered on April 11, 2002.

I traveled to other cities in the United States as well, visiting with NGO representatives and supporters, as well as speaking at universities around the country. I also traveled to Australia where I met with government officials and spoke at gatherings at universities and elsewhere.

Kamm being awarded the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award by then-Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage. Image credit: The Dui Hua Foundation

On my many trips to China during this period I focused on helping secure the release of long-serving counterrevolutionaries, including the ethno-musicologist Ngawang Choephel. I logged two trips to Lhasa where I helped gain freedom for the elderly teacher Jigme Sangpo and the young nun Ngawang Sangdrol. In Beijing I worked with officials of the Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Foreign Affairs to secure the early release of Democracy Party activists Xu Wenli and Wang Youcai. Of special importance was the early release of American citizen Fong Fuming, a businessman, convicted of state secrets violations. This was the first case of an American citizen imprisoned in China that I worked on. It would not be the last.

On my trips to Europe, I focused on securing support from European governments, including those of Switzerland and Scandinavian countries. These efforts were successful and helped ensure the financial viability of Dui Hua for years to come.

June 2004: Washington and New York

On June 5, 2004, I flew to Washington DC for five days of meetings and events. I briefed staff of the CECC on Dui Hua’s work, and addressed a gathering organized by a grantor where I updated the group on developments in Hong Kong, notably the debate over Article 23 in which I had played a role.

Meetings were held with State Department officials in charge of China and human rights, members of Congress, including Senator Chuck Hagel (R-Nebraska), Congressman Doug Bereuter (R-Nebraska), and Congressman Frank Wolf (R-Virginia), as well as senior staff of committees dealing with China. I met with Minister Lan of the Chinese Embassy and staff of human rights groups including Amnesty International.

The day I arrived in Washington, former president Ronald Reagan passed away. I followed news of his death closely, watching unfolding events on my hotel room television. I have painful memories of doing so, not least because I was suffering from a bout of kidney stones, two of which I passed with considerable discomfort.

At Ronald Reagan’s funeral, then-President George W. Bush, Laura Bush, then-Vice-President Richard Cheney, Lynne Cheney, Bill Clinton, and Hillary Clinton watch as the casket is carried into the cathedral. Image credit: Public domain

On June 10, I took a morning train to New York. The same day I met with Wang Guangya, China’s ambassador to the United Nations. We met at the Chinese Mission. Before meeting me, Ambassador Wang had signed the book of condolences for President Reagan at the US Mission.

Our meeting was an exceptionally friendly one. I mentioned that I was interested in applying for Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Committee (ECOSOC) of the United Nations, the body that oversaw the Human Rights Commission, now the Human Rights Council, in Geneva. Ambassador Wang replied: “I will support you, and if any of my colleagues give you a hard time, let me know.” In the meeting were other diplomats assigned to the mission, including Li Xiaomei, then China’s representative on the NGO Committee, now Special Representative for Human Rights of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing.

I left the mission and headed to my sister-in-law’s brownstone in the city for dinner. Pat worked at the United Nations, and she offered to introduce me to the person in charge of NGO accreditation the next day, June 11, 2004. The person in charge was a French woman, a longtime UN employee.

The lady was getting ready for her long summer vacation in France and had little time for me. She asked what I wanted, and I told her that I’d like to apply for ECOSOC consultative status. She handed me the application form and asked, “Which country do you work on?” “China,” I replied. “Forget it,” she remarked, with a wave of the hand. China and its allies had blocked applications of virtually all human rights groups, like Human Rights in China, that worked exclusively on China.

The Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. Image credit: Eric Bridiers, US Mission Geneva / CC BY-ND 2.0

I straightened her out. “I met with Chinese Ambassador Wang Guangya yesterday, and he told me that he would personally support Dui Hua’s application.” You could have knocked her over with a feather.

At the next meeting of the NGO committee, applications by NGOs for consultative status were considered. One by one, the committee chairperson read out the names of the applicants. It was a lengthy list. Typically, if a country objects to an NGO’s application, the committee registers its objection, and the chairperson moves on. “The Dui Hua Foundation,” the chairperson intoned. Waiting to object were Chinese allies Pakistan and Cuba who looked for a signal from the Chinese representative. Li Xiaomei sat motionless as other representatives shifted in their seats.

After the chairperson finished ticking off the names of NGO applicants, he or she returned to Dui Hua. “I ask again. Are there any objections to The Dui Hua Foundation’s application for Special Consultative Status.” Li Xiaomei told me later: “I was very embarrassed, but I registered no objection.” Dui Hua was granted the much-coveted status, becoming the only independent human rights group focused on China to be given this status. That remains the case to this day.

Making Use of our UN Status

Early in 2005, a fellow Dui Hua director, Bill Simon, traveled to Geneva with me to obtain our badges that granted us privileges at the Palais des Nations, home of the Human Rights Commission. Since 2005, I traveled to Geneva at least once a year before the Covid-19 pandemic made international travel impossible.

In Geneva I stayed at the Hotel Ambassador through the generous support of the hotel’s owner, Madame Rossotto. I fell in love with the city, and took long walks along the lake to Palais Wilson, site of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and many of the special procedures of the Human Rights Council. I particularly enjoyed spending time in the Old City, dining at its restaurants with an old friend, Christophe Swinarski, a distinguished human rights scholar who had served for many years with the International Committee of the Red Cross, also headquartered in Geneva.

The Grand Rue in Geneva’s old city. Image credit: Terekhova / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Dui Hua has made good use of its special consultative status. The foundation has made submissions to all of China’s and the United States’ Universal Periodic Reviews (UPR), a process whereby every member of the United Nations’ human rights record is scrutinized every 4-5 years. Our submission to China’s third UPR in 2018 was of special importance. We focused on judicial transparency, examining the decision to post judgments on the Supreme People’s Court’s China Judgments Online (CJO), which we hailed (attached to our statement were prisoner lists of names found on CJO). Unfortunately, in 2021 the court purged the website of judgments involving cases of endangering state security and other sensitive crimes, dealing a blow to Dui Hua’s work compiling prisoner lists for submission to the Chinese government. For both the Chinese and US UPRs we examined capital punishment; when it comes to the death penalty, both countries are outliers.

Kamm making a statement on China’s Initial Report under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, to the UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, April 25, 2005. Image credit: The Dui Hua Foundation

In addition to its work on UPRs, Dui Hua has worked on issues related to women prisoners and arbitrary detention. We lobbied for China to invite a delegation from the newly established Working Group on Discrimination Against Women in Law and Practice. The group visited China in December 2013, not long after China’s UPR.

Dui Hua has worked closely with the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention to secure favorable opinions on the cases of American citizens judged to have been arbitrarily detained by Chinese authorities: US businesswoman Sandy Phan-Gillis and US businessmen Mark Swidan and Li Kai, both of whom remain imprisoned as of this writing.

 

 

 

Visit Dui Hua’s timeline “John Kamm Remembers: Fifty Years in China” to read more stories like this, view photos from this period in history, watch videos about the origins of modern US-China engagement, and learn how the decisions of the past are shaping our future.

 

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